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management of water resources

ISLAM AND THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

By: Muhammad Isa Garcia.

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appended, a video on a reforestation project and environmental care developed by an Islamic non-profit.

religious significance of water

Water is of profound importance in Islam. It is considered a blessing from God that gives and sustains life, and purifies humankind and the earth.

The Arabic word for water, ma ' appears sixty-three times in the Koran. The throne of God is described as resting on the water, and Paradise is described as "Gardens through which rivers flow" . The Holy Quran mentions that water is a beautiful building and as such should be valued and respected. The quality of life that gives the water is reflected in the verse:

"... water that God sends down from the sky and relive her arid land." (2:164)

water not only gives life but also all organisms are composed of water:

"We created from water every living organism. " (21:30)

People generally consider water for hygiene and consumption, but for Muslims, this is very important spiritual and ritual, evidenced in the ablutions performed before every prayer. The benefit of these prayers, which are one of the Five Pillars of Islam, was compared by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him), with purification and hygiene supplies the water: "The five prayers are similar to a river that goes through your door where you bathe five times a day. "

Water and equity

Islam believes that to ensure fairness in society is the foundation of his doctrine. So we see that the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (BYP) were an example of this, whether relating to the preservation of equity or particular restraint in the use of water. For example: The Prophet (BYP) said three people will be ignored by God on Judgement Day, and one of them is "a man who has water to spare and it refuses to travelers."

The Quran warns human beings about the unfair distribution of wealth by claiming that the world belongs to God, and that these riches should not have access to only the wealthy. The recognition of water as a vital source to which all have equal rights, both rich and poor, is shown in the following words of the Prophet (BYP): "Muslims should share equally three things: the pastures, water and firewood . "advice of the Prophet, one of his companions, Uthman, who later became the third Muslim caliph, bought a water well called Ruma a particular and stated these public waters, that were available to the entire community.

Environmental Rights

In Islam human beings have the basic right to benefit from natural resources that God created.

Muslim jurists have spoken on this topic in its treaties and established the priorities of water use are:

1. The right to quench thirst.
2. won the right to drink.
3. The right to irrigate crops.

However, as we shall see, the environment as an entity has clear and distinct rights in Islam.

God informs human beings about the rights of animals to be mentioned alongside humans in the following verse:

"There is no creature that walks on land or fly with his two wings that do not form a community like you "(6:38).

can not leave pets to die of thirst if people have enough water to satisfy their needs. The Prophet Muhammad (BYP) said: "There is a reward (from God) for those who help to any living being," and said: "Whoever does a well water in the desert ... can not prevent the animals quench their thirst in him. "The immense moral value attributed to the act of giving water to any living creature is reflected in the words of the Prophet (BYP):" A prostitute was forgiven by God, because in passing next to a dog panting with thirst at a well of water, and seeing that the dog could die of thirst, he took a shoe and tying a handkerchief, drew water from the well to provide drinking. By this act (of mercy) God forgave his sins. "

The Qur'an mentions that the flora is entitled to the divine gift of water:

"And We sent down water from the sky with which We bring forth all kinds of vegetation, and it is the harvest of which produce big ear. And the buds of the palm bunches of dates we go to hand. And grapes, olives and pomegranates, all look similar but different flavors of fruits "(6:99).

"Have not you thought that God sends down water from heaven, and then has to emerge as springs on earth, and with it brings forth crops of different colors?" (39:21).

These verses of the Qur'an down the idea the water that God provides for all life forms benefit from it.

humanity's role as guardian of the Water (khalifa)

Humans are responsible for making sure that the gifts of God are preserved and made accessible to all living beings. In Islam, the interaction with the environment is guided by the notion that human beings are the guardians and protectors ( Julafáh ), and therefore we are equal to all other living beings, but we have a greater responsibility: protect and preserve the environment. For the Islamic concept are not the masters of the world, but friends and guardians. Arabic-language As one of the roots of the word Islam is salam which means peace and harmony, the Islamic way of life is to live in peace and harmony to individuals and society as well as with the environment.

In Islamic law, the environment is protected by specific mandates to avoid altering the natural balance through pollution or activities that destroy the environment. In the Qur'an, Allah commands believers:

"no mischief on Earth!" (2:11) .

The meaning of corruption is very wide and diverse, but can be interpreted as disrupting the natural or ruining natural resources. Muslim scholars had derived from the sources of Islamic law the application of penalties for misuse of water pollution and more than 1,300 years ago. This opens the door to the punishment or fines from polluters through modern legislation. The Prophet Muhammad (BYP) very strictly forbade the act of urinating or defecating in water sources. This suggests that Islamic law is a moral failing and a crime pour into the seas, lakes, rivers and water sources of public access, the untreated sewage. This is a teaching of the prophetic tradition (Sunnah), but unfortunately many Muslims who claim to profess a literal adherence to the example of the Prophet (BYP) and his righteous successors did not see this as a priority.

Water Conservation

The Quran states with respect to water:

1. That water reserves are limited.
2. That water should be used with restraint and moderation.

Islam teaches that water is limited and its use should be sensible and moderate, as the supply can not increase infinitely. God said this when he said

"We come down from heaven water to a limited extent" (23:18).

The Quran mentions that humans can use the Gifts of God for our sustenance in moderation, but to avoid excess and waste:

"Eat and drink in moderation, because God loves the wasteful "(7:31).

The prophetic sayings are more specific. The Prophet Muhammad (BYP) "used to perform ablution with water as called sa ' (equal to two thirds of a liter), and used to take a bath with five measures sa' (equal to five pints) . "One might think this was because the Prophet Muhammad (BYP) living in drylands, however, the Prophet (BYP) forbade waste even in conditions of abundance when he said:" Do not waste water even when performing washing on the banks of a river. "

Principles water management

Some of the principles of water management in Islam are: water as a social good, the management of water demand management and integrated water resource. The objective of these three principles is to ensure fairness.

Water as a social good

• Access to water is first and foremost a public and social good in Islam as it is a gift from God.
• The water belongs to the community as a whole, no individual can own the water resources as a monopoly.
• The first priority over water use is access to drinking water in a quantity and acceptable quality for human consumption, and each individual has the right to cover her basic needs.
• The second and third priorities for water are the mainstay of domestic animals and irrigation.
• Humanity is the guardian of water on Earth.
• In the environment, flora and fauna have a strong and legitimate right to protect water and is vital to protect the environment. Individuals, organizations and states are responsible for damage caused to the environment or the rights of his neighbor on the environment, including water use.
• Water resources should be used in a rational and sustainable way to avoid depletion.
• sustainable and equitable management of water depends on following universal values \u200b\u200bsuch as justice, fairness and respect for others.

Management of water demand

• Water conservation is central to Islam. Mosques, religious institutions and schools should commit to the dissemination of this principle and to complement other educational efforts.
• Islam is allowed in the reuse of wastewater, however, the water should have a required level of treatment to ensure the purity and safety required for the purpose used. It
• permitted the marketing and complete assessment of sanitation that is, the full cost of processing, storage and distribution of water, as well as the cost of wastewater collection, treatment and disposal. However, the water price should be reasonable as well as its recovery should be efficient.
• The privatization of water distribution is permitted in Islam, but the state has a duty to ensure the absence of monopoly, and a fair price and service.

Integrated management of water resources

• Management Water is required to use the concept of assembly or consultation ( shura) with all stakeholders and beneficiaries.
• All community members, men and women, can play an effective role in water management and should be encouraged to do so.
• Communities must be pro-active to ensure equitable access to water resources.
• Every nation has an obligation to share water fairly with other states or nations.
• integrated water management is a necessary tool for the balance of equality between all peoples and social sectors.

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